[求助] 在org-babel latex代码块使用pgfplots调用gnuplot出错

Org-mode
1

网上抄的配置，可以在org mode latex 代码块生成图片。

#+PROPERTY: header-args:latex :results file raw drawer :headers '("\\usepackage{tikz}") :imagemagick yes :iminoptions -density 600 :imoutoptions -trim  :eval never-export :output-dir img/  :file (concat (org-id-uuid) ".png")

并且在下面的org block 中写pgfplots也能正常生成图片。

#+header: :headers '("\\usepackage{pgfplots} \\pgfplotsset{compat=1.18}")
#+begin_src latex
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[axis lines=center, xmin=-1.2, xmax=1.2, ymin=-1.2, ymax=1.2,
    ticks=none, axis on top=true, axis line style=thick, axis equal, samples=500]
\addplot [no marks] {x^2};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
#+end_src

但对于有些复杂函数，pgfplots画起来有点吃力，需要调用gnuplot。我这里用gnuplot还是画二次函数。

#+header: :headers '("\\usepackage{pgfplots} \\pgfplotsset{compat=1.18}")
#+begin_src latex
\begin{tikzpicture}
  \begin{axis}[axis lines=center, xmin=-1.2, xmax=1.2, ymin=-1.2, ymax=1.2,
    ticks=none, axis on top=true, axis line style=thick, axis equal, samples=500
    ]
    \addplot [no marks] gnuplot [id=quadratic] {x**2};
  \end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
#+end_src

执行出现错误，*Org PDF LaTeX Output*的错误信息如下：

This is XeTeX, Version 3.141592653-2.6-0.999994 (TeX Live 2022) (preloaded format=xelatex)
 \write18 enabled.
entering extended mode

(../../../../../../../../var/folders/sz/3yld39q542x3gxz3tdr___rh0000gn/T/babel-
zUB0Qm//../../../../../../../../var/folders/sz/3yld39q542x3gxz3tdr___rh0000gn/T
/babel-zUB0Qm/latex-RLDGdc.tex
LaTeX2e <2021-11-15> patch level 1
L3 programming layer <2022-02-24>
(/usr/local/texlive/2022/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls
Document Class: article 2021/10/04 v1.4n Standard LaTeX document class
(/usr/local/texlive/2022/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo))
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(/usr/local/texlive/2022/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics-def/xetex.def))
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For additional information on amsmath, use the `?' option.
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Package inputenc Warning: inputenc package ignored with utf8 based engines.

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(../../../../../../../../var/folders/sz/3yld39q542x3gxz3tdr___rh0000gn/T/babel-
zUB0Qm//latex-RLDGdc.aux)
(/usr/local/texlive/2022/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/ts1cmr.fd)line 0: Cannot load input from 'latex-RLDGdc.quadratic.gnuplot'

system returned with code 256

Package pgfplots notification 'compat/show suggested version=true': document ha
s been generated with the most recent feature set (\pgfplotsset{compat=1.18}).


! Package pgfplots Error: Sorry, the gnuplot-result file 'latex-RLDGdc.quadrati
c.table' could not be found. Maybe you need to enable the shell-escape feature?
 For pdflatex, this is '>> pdflatex -shell-escape'. You can also invoke '>> gnu
plot <file>.gnuplot' manually on the respective gnuplot file..

See the pgfplots package documentation for explanation.
Type  H <return>  for immediate help.
 ...                                              
                                                  
l.46 ... [no marks] gnuplot [id=quadratic] {x**2};
                                                  
[1]
(../../../../../../../../var/folders/sz/3yld39q542x3gxz3tdr___rh0000gn/T/babel-
zUB0Qm/latex-RLDGdc.aux) )
(see the transcript file for additional information)
Output written on ../../../../../../../../var/folders/sz/3yld39q542x3gxz3tdr___
rh0000gn/T/babel-zUB0Qm/latex-RLDGdc.pdf (1 page).
Transcript written on ../../../../../../../../var/folders/sz/3yld39q542x3gxz3td
r___rh0000gn/T/babel-zUB0Qm//latex-RLDGdc.log.

错误为没能调用gnuplot，所以没能生成quadratic.table数据文件，提示说可能原因是没有用 -shell-escape选项，但我的org-latex-pdf-process的设置为("xelatex -shell-escape -interaction nonstopmode -output-directory %o %f" "xelatex -shell-escape -interaction nonstopmode -output-directory %o %f" "xelatex -shell-escape -interaction nonstopmode -output-directory %o %f")。

org-babel产生的latex-RLDGdc.tex文件为

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[usenames]{color}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{wrapfig}
\usepackage{rotating}
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{capt-of}
\pagestyle{empty}             % do not remove
% The settings below are copied from fullpage.sty
\setlength{\textwidth}{\paperwidth}
\addtolength{\textwidth}{-3cm}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{1.5cm}
\addtolength{\oddsidemargin}{-2.54cm}
\setlength{\evensidemargin}{\oddsidemargin}
\setlength{\textheight}{\paperheight}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-\headheight}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-\headsep}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-\footskip}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-3cm}
\setlength{\topmargin}{1.5cm}
\addtolength{\topmargin}{-2.54cm}
\usepackage{pgfplots} \pgfplotsset{compat=1.18}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
  \begin{axis}[axis lines=center, xmin=-1.2, xmax=1.2, ymin=-1.2, ymax=1.2,
    ticks=none, axis on top=true, axis line style=thick, axis equal, samples=500
    ]
    \addplot [no marks] gnuplot [id=quadratic] {x**2};
  \end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

手动编译这个latex文件

 xelatex -shell-escape -interaction nonstopmode latex-RLDGdc.tex

就能正常调用gnuplot，生成table数据文件，生成的pdf中图像可以画出来。

问题应该就是在执行org babel latex代码块时，不知道什么原因无法调用gnuplot，但我用org-latex-pdf-process的命令手动编译latex就能生成。

2

正好我最近研究latex下pgfplot画图这个shell-escape的问题并找到了解决方案，好像就是在论坛里。核心是显示的选项但实际并没有用shell-escape。所以需要手工设置。简单的方法就是配置用快捷键切换：

(after! latex
  (defun TeX-command-toggle-shell-escape ()
        (interactive)
        (setq TeX-command-extra-options
        (cond ((string-match-p "\\_<--shell-escape\\_>" TeX-command-extra-options )
                (replace-regexp-in-string "\\_<--shell-escape\\_>" "" TeX-command-extra-options))
                ((string-empty-p TeX-command-extra-options)"--shell-escape")
                (t(format "--shell-escape %s" TeX-command-extra-options))))
        (message "TeX-command-extra-options : `%s'" TeX-command-extra-options))
  (map! :after latex
        :localleader
        :map LaTeX-mode-map
        :desc "Toggle shell escape"  "t" #'TeX-command-toggle-shell-escape)
)
3

我用的doom-emacs，在latex文件中我的可以正常运行的。只是在org-babel latex 代码块里面运行不起来。

4

latex mode是如何配置的？我也是doom-emacs，init中把latex用上即启用auctex，但默认配置就会出现shell-escape这个问题，我发的就是找到的解决办法。也正好学习一下你的配置。

我不用org-babel，不过我理解其过程是不是也是先导出成latex，再调用xelatex编译。那么这个编译的配置和auctex下可能不一样，可以比较一下差异。

5

我加上这一句，我默认开启。

(setq-default TeX-command-extra-options "-shell-escape") ; or --shell-escape
6

哦，默认开启感觉不安全。那看来 org babel的latex并不管这个设置